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Frequently asked questions

130 questions

Depending on the model, the ball, seats, disc, rotor, liners, bushings or flange sealing faces may use ceramic. The body, stem, packing and actuator can use other materials. We confirm the complete material combination in the drawing and bill of materials for your order.

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Structural ceramics can protect areas exposed to abrasion, corrosion and particle erosion. The right grade and valve design depend on the medium, temperature changes, pressure drop, particles and mechanical loading. We review these conditions together before recommending a configuration.

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No. Ceramic valves can be useful in abrasive, corrosive, crystallizing and solids-bearing service. Metal valves may better suit impact loads, welded connections or some thermal cycles. Compare the complete operating conditions and the reason your existing valve fails before choosing a replacement.

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No. Abrasion involves contact wear; erosion involves material removal by flowing particles or fluid. Velocity, flow direction, pressure drop and valve opening affect the damage. A valve may also face corrosion, cavitation or flashing, so material hardness alone does not determine its suitability.

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No. Compatibility depends on the ceramic grade and every other material in contact with the process, including metals, packing, gaskets and liners. Please include concentrations, impurities, temperatures, cleaning fluids and any changes of phase in your enquiry.

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No. Packing, gaskets, bearings, instruments and the actuator can set lower limits than the ceramic trim. The permitted temperature range applies to the complete material and equipment combination specified for your valve.

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Particle size and shape, solids concentration, density, velocity and the tendency to settle or bridge all matter. Please include the largest particles and any abnormal debris. Two slurries with similar particle hardness can produce very different wear and blockage risks.

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Yes. Scraping seats and cavity-free designs can reduce buildup, but crystallization, viscous material, oversized particles and shutdown solidification can still cause blockage. We review the flow path together with your flushing, purging and operating sequence.

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Ceramic hard seats suit many abrasive, particle-bearing and higher-temperature duties. Soft seats can offer advantages at lower pressures and operating torques. The required leakage performance must be agreed with its test pressure, temperature, medium and duration; results from one configuration do not apply to every valve.

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A floating ball moves under line pressure toward the downstream seat. A fixed or trunnion-mounted ball is supported to limit that movement. Size, pressure drop, torque, sealing direction and solids content determine which design is appropriate.

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No. FCCV1 has a symmetrical, bidirectional design, and FERV also offers bidirectional sealing. Other models have different seat and flow-direction requirements. Confirm the required pressure direction and sealing conditions with the exact configuration.

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A full bore can reduce flow restriction and help with some solids-handling requirements. A reduced bore changes velocity, pressure drop and available flow capacity. We check the pipe size, particle passage, required Cv and control duty when selecting the bore.

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Resilient elements help maintain packing compression as temperature, wear or relaxation changes. This supports stem sealing but does not eliminate maintenance. Adjustment and replacement should follow the valve’s installation, operation and maintenance instructions.

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On selected models, a ceramic flange face extends ceramic coverage and reduces contact between the medium and metal. It still needs the correct gasket, alignment and bolt tightening. The approved section drawing shows the arrangement supplied with your valve.

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FCCV2 addresses high-temperature duties with thermal shock, corrosion and particles. FCCV5 also addresses high pressure, high differential pressure and high-velocity media. Both catalogues list temperatures up to 456°C, but their pressure ranges and constructions differ. Selection requires the full pressure-temperature combination.

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FCCV3 combines a fluoropolymer-lined body with a ceramic ball for highly corrosive, particle-free service at lower temperatures and pressures. FCCV8 combines a fluoropolymer lining with a full ceramic flow path. We check the liner and ceramic compatibility against your medium and operating conditions.

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FCCV6 uses a cavity-free, fixed-ball, single-seat construction for viscous, crystallizing or scaling slurries. Particle size, solids concentration, viscosity and flushing need review. Ask us to confirm the applicable sealing class and operating limits for your configuration.

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FCCV7 is intended for small-flow control in corrosive or erosive service, with Cv at or below 10. We review the flow range, trim profile, minimum opening and control requirements before confirming its suitability.

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Provide the size distribution and maximum particle size, not just the average. Include hardness, shape, agglomeration and possible metallic debris. Large particles and foreign objects can affect clearances, sealing surfaces and operating torque.

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For slurry, provide solids concentration and density together with viscosity and settling behavior. For powder, include bulk density, which helps determine feed capacity. Particle density also affects inertia and erosion. State the units and measurement basis.

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Frequent cycling affects seats, packing and actuators. Very fast operation can increase water hammer, powder impact or control instability. Tell us the cycles per hour or day, required stroke time and whether slow opening or closing is permitted.

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Yes. Direction changes seat loading, erosion and operating torque. FERV may be installed flow-to-close for severe erosion, while FCSV has unidirectional Class IV sealing. We confirm the flow and differential-pressure directions in the approved configuration.

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Describe when it occurs, valve opening, flow, pressures, noise limits and nearby pumps, elbows or vessels. Include the operating sequence. We review the valve and piping conditions together; pressure-reduction trim alone does not resolve every system transient.

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Yes. Selection considers the ceramic, body, stem, packing, gaskets, liners and other exposed materials. Please include normal media, impurities, cleaning fluids, steam and upset conditions so the complete material combination can be assessed.

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For each cycle, give the start and end temperatures, rate of change, hold time and frequency. Include media changes and preheating. These conditions affect ceramic-to-metal fits, packing, gaskets, bolting and actuator temperature as well as the ceramic itself.

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Provide the conveying gas, pressure, temperature, velocity, solids-to-gas ratio and powder properties. Include particle size, bulk density, moisture, elbows, backpressure and startup or shutdown sequences. Tell us whether reverse flow or blockage can occur across the valve.

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Include the normal and extreme temperatures, heating and cooling rates, cycles, insulation and ambient conditions around the actuator. The catalogue’s maximum temperature applies only to a specified combination of pressure, materials and construction; we confirm that combination for your order.

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No. We also need design temperature, shutoff differential pressure, transients, size, materials, connections and actuator requirements. Temperature derating and applicable tests or regulations must be checked for the actual configuration.

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Yes. Steam, solvents, acid or alkali cleaning, shutdown crystallization and loss of air or power may be more demanding than normal operation. Include these conditions so materials, control sequencing and operating instructions can cover them.

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We review the process point, operating data and existing failure mode, then compare flow paths, sealing designs, materials and actuation. The proposed model is checked against sizing, installation and inspection requirements before the final specification is agreed with you.

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We support valve applications in chemical processing, power generation, steel and metallurgy, mining, polysilicon and other solids-handling processes. Tell us the specific process point and operating conditions; different duties within the same industry may require different valve designs.

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Start with what the valve does: isolate a line, regulate slurry, feed powder or discharge a vessel. Then compare the medium and operating conditions. Our application pages provide starting points; our engineering team can review the actual valve position with you.

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They can be considered for limestone or gypsum slurry exposed to corrosion, abrasion and deposition. We review solids concentration, temperature, differential pressure, cycling and flushing before confirming the valve model and materials.

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State whether the valve handles limestone slurry, lime milk, ash slurry or another medium. Include solids and chloride content, wear, pressure, cycling and cleaning conditions. Circulation, atomization and ash-handling points need separate assessments.

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Include powder properties, particle size, conveying velocity, temperature, pressure drop, cycling and sealing requirements. High-velocity powder can cause severe wear, so the flow path, seat design and operating sequence need to be matched to the injection duty.

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Provide the carbon-additive properties, nitrogen pressure, conveying velocity, cycling frequency and permitted leakage. Include any buildup or blockage history. These details help us assess the construction and actuation for the actual injection point.

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They may. Dust collection primarily handles gas and particles, while wet desulfurization handles corrosive or abrasive slurry. Phase, concentration, temperature, velocity and valve function differ. Provide a separate duty sheet for each location.

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FCCV5 may be considered where temperature, pressure, differential pressure and particle erosion are demanding. Suitability still depends on the conveying velocity, particle properties, actuation and downstream piping. Send the complete duty sheet for review.

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Provide the full composition, solids concentration, particle size, viscosity, temperatures and pressures. Include settling, scaling, flushing and shutdown behavior. We use this information to assess the flow path and materials at the specific slurry-handling point.

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FCRV, FCCV6, FERV and FCSV may suit different soda-ash slurry duties. The choice depends on solids, crystallization, settling, pressure drop and whether isolation or control is required. Include flushing and shutdown conditions in the assessment.

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Yes. Powder conveying and chlorosilane service differ in corrosion, phase behavior, cleanliness and leakage requirements. Provide separate media, temperature, pressure and valve-function data for each point in the polysilicon or silicone process.

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Include solids concentration, particle size, hardness, density, flow, pressure drop and pipeline slope. Describe settling, flushing and shutdown solidification. The valve’s isolation or control function helps determine whether a ball, rotary or slide design is appropriate.

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Autoclave discharge and flash-vessel lines can combine high pressure drop, flashing and severe erosion. FCAV’s angle flow path may be considered, with the trim, materials, direction and downstream piping checked against the actual letdown conditions.

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Identify the reaction or regeneration point and provide catalyst properties, phases, temperatures, pressures, Cv and cycling. Include deposition and upset conditions. These help define the construction, flow direction and maintenance requirements.

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Feeding, isolation and pressurized conveying may call for different designs, including ESFV1, FRFV, FIBV1 or ceramic ball valves. Provide particle size, hardness, velocity, moisture, bridging and dust-sealing requirements so we can assess the correct duty.

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They require a specific assessment. Particle hardness, size, shape, concentration and velocity affect wear on seats and flow paths, especially at small openings. Include slurry viscosity, corrosion and pressure drop when requesting a recommendation.

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Weld slag, metal chips, sand and gasket debris can damage ceramic sealing faces or jam the trim. Clean the piping and confirm any strainers or foreign-object controls required by the process before installing and operating the valve.

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No. Align and support the piping independently before installation. Forced fit can apply bending or torsional loads to the valve and ceramic parts. Check flange parallelism, concentricity and thermal-expansion allowances against the installation requirements.

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Follow the approved heating and cooling sequence, including any soak periods. Avoid introducing cold fluid into a hot valve unless that condition has been assessed. Permitted temperature-change rates depend on the complete valve assembly and operating conditions.

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Send the proposed scope, location, witness points and inspector requirements with your enquiry. Availability, notice periods, cost and responsibilities are agreed for the project before the order is placed.

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KOWOV contributed to T/CMES 20023-2025 for ceramic ball valves, JB/T 10529-2020 for ceramic sealing valves and T/CAMETA 001036-2023 for coal-chemical instrument selection. Tell us which standard your project requires so we can confirm its application to the selected product.

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No single multiplier applies to every duty. Service life depends on the valve design, medium, pressure drop, particles, cycling and maintenance. We can discuss relevant operating experience and agree the performance and acceptance requirements for your project.

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